Which jobs are most at risk from being replaced by AI? GZERO World caught up with former US Secretary Treasury Larry Summers, who’s looking at the rapid developments in AI very closely and concerned about how AI will change the labor market. The transformation, he says, will come slowly, then all at once.

“I suspect there’s going to be less impact than many people fear in most sectors over the next three years,” Summers tells Ian Bremmer in the interview, “And more impact over the next 10 or 15 years.”

AI will affect some jobs more than others, he explains. For example, AI will likely change the role of doctors, who diagnose people based on large amounts of data. But nurses, who provide daily medical care and human compassion, probably don’t have to be as worried.

More broadly, though, Summers believes that “traditional hierarchies and ways of thinking” face profound change. And that’s what could make some influential groups very nervous. Because AI is likely to threaten people who have access to power, he says, it’s likely we’ll see “restrictionist and protectionist policies that limit our ability to benefit from these technologies or slow down [their development].”

Watch all of Summers’ interview in the upcoming episode of GZERO World with Ian Bremmer, airing on public television across the US – check local listings.